Based on broad historical, statistical and analytical material, the author explores an evolution of views of the well-known gerontologists and philosophers on the problem of population aging.

The paper presents analysis of the prevailing scientific theories and hypotheses as well as main causes of the human ageing. Biological, psychological, social and philosophical aspects of ageing are also explored.

The history of gerontology as a science is explored/investigated as well as its development in the pre-Revolutionary Russia, the Soviet Union and the present-day Russia.

The author shows factors, conditions and specific characteristics of active life-style contributing to longevity.

The author offers a number of practical recommendations on healthy life-style and longevity.